If effective access control is not effected along a highway facility, ribbon development and encroachments follow, resulting in increase in the number of accidents and considerable reduction in level of service for vehicle operation. The control of access can either be full or partial. Full control the access is highway means that the authority to control the access is exercised to give preference to through traffic by providing access connections with selected public roads only and by prohibiting crossings at grade private drive way connection. When there may be some private drive way connections and some crossings at grade, this is called partial control of access.
Express ways are divided arterial highways for motor traffic with full or partial control of access and generally provided with grade separation at intersections. Arterial highways are primarily meant for through traffic, usually on a continuous route and have partial control of access.
Major corridors of inter-city traffic are increasing in import-ancc and are to be protected from unregulated road side development by exercising limited access control.
ROAD MARKING
Road or traffic markings are made of lines, patterns. Words, symbols or reflectors on the pavement, kerb side of islands or on fixed objects with in or near the roadway. Traffic markings may be called special signs intended to control, warn, guide or regulate the traffic. The markings are made using paints in contrast with colour and brightness of the pavement or other back ground. Light reflecting paints are also commonly used for traffic marking. In order to ensure that the markings are seen by the road users, the longitudinal lines should be made in such a way that they are visible at sufficient distance in advance to give road users adequate time to respond
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